Leadership & Change Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Leadership & Change - Coursework Example Despite such, the effectiveness of a change process relies on the management techniques employed in an organization with the leadership skills of the managers remaining integral in the process as the discussion below shows. Transformational model of leadership and theory of change mandates the managers with overseeing the change process thus with the responsibility of ensuring the success of the change process (Mullins, 2010: 451). The theory requires managers to boost the morale of the employees thereby introducing the changes systematically in a manner that the employees embrace them. Employee motivation is a basic mandate of human resource management. It influences the employees’ response to change. Firstly, the leader must influence the employees. This requires the leader to inspire his employees in order to influence them easily. Additionally, the leader should use employ intellectual stimulation when carrying out the change process (Sperry, 2013: 98). The manager can create new positions thus promote productive employees. Remuneration is yet another basic factor of motivation, in case the change promises to increase profitability, and the manager can, therefore, increase the pay of the emp loyees in order to encourage them to adopt the change. Change management further requires the managers to understand their employees. As explained earlier, some employees would adopt change easily while others are inherently resistant to change. By understanding the employees, the management can select the best management technique to employ in order to encourage productivity and acceptance of the changes. Theory X, theory Y and theory Z explain the various traits of employees in an organization. Theory X asserts that employees are inherently lazy and dislike work. As such, the employees require intense supervision without which they remain unproductive. Theory X, on the other hand, argues that employees love their work and are naturally productive. The two

Marketing Plan format for Adidas MiCoach Smart Run Research Paper

Marketing Plan format for Adidas MiCoach Smart Run - Research Paper Example t Run, there have been some of the improvements that the innovators would have to bring forth to ensure that that the athletes are able to enjoy features like MP3 music storage, and the connectivity to the wireless headphones. By the use of the miCoach device, individuals are able to recognize the running potential that they have and work towards achieving the potentials. One of the approaches that have been exploited with the use of the device to assess feedback and to monitor progress is through the Run Score. Ones Run Score allows them to track the progress that they are making make comparison of their progress with others as well as make prediction of the performance they would make in the future. The best way for individuals to get their Run Score is for them to take a free run. Free run result is assigned as a particular Run Score on a scale that runs between 0-1000. 0 usually represents a walking pace, while 1000 represents a world’s record. It is based on these a achievements that miCoach provides an individual with some prediction of race times. One way that the Adidas has ensured that evaluation process of the miCoach is successful is through the recommendation and links of the training plan that they offer to the athletes. This recommendation helps the athletes to achieve their training goals. The athletes are advised to take free run throughout their training and thus be in a position to reevaluate and update their run scores. Improvement is determined by the increased run scores. This translates into increased fitness level as well as the prediction of race performance. The goal of miCoach is to give the users, real time and personalized training and coaching plan. This has allowed Adidas to make considerations in what features to add on the device to ensure that athletes benefit more. This is the difference between the sales and the cost of goods that have been sold, divided by the company’s revenue. Adidas sells the miCoach at $399.

Teenage Pregnancy And Social Exclusion Social Work Essay

Teenage Pregnancy And Social Exclusion Social Work Essay The aim of this study or discussion is to analyse and discuss the impact of the labour government policy on teenage pregnancy and social exclusion in the United Kingdom, to what extent has the policy achieved its aims and objectives and if the objectives have not been met, why and how it may be improved, what are its shortcomings and constraints in the implementation process or if the policy itself was not well put together. Barry (2002) argues that social exclusion occurs when individuals or groups are not given the opportunity to participate in society, whether or not they desire to participate. The British Government in 2001 defined social exclusion as a shorthand term for what can happen when people or areas suffer from a combination of linked problems such as unemployment, poor skills, low incomes, poor housing, high crime, bad health and family breakdown.(Cabinet Office, 2001) Burchardt, Le Grand and Piachaud, (2002) identify consumption (the capacity to purchase goods and services, including health services), production (taking part in economically or socially valuable activities including voluntary work), political interaction or participation (involvement in local or national decision-making) and social interactions (integration with family, friends and the wider community) as the four key elements of social participation. These elements individually can represent an outcome measure for social exclusion or inclusion. Teenage pregnancy is a risk factor for social exclusion. Social disadvantage refers to a range of social and economic difficulties an individual can face such as unemployment, poverty, and discrimination and is distributed unequally on the basis of socio-demographic characteristics such as ethnicity, socioeconomic position, educational level, and place of residence (Wellings and Kane, 1999). Social exclusion can happen to anybody but is more prevalent among young people in care, young people not in school and among teenagers growing up in low income households , or those growing up with family conflicts and people from some minority ethnic communities are disproportionately at risk of social exclusion. people are also most vulnerable at periods such as leaving home, care or education. Teenage birth rates in the UK are the highest in Western Europe and pregnancy among girls under sixteen years of age in England and Wales have increased since 2006, more than four in ten girls still get pregnant before the age of twenty. Two-thirds of all students have sex before graduating from school and are exposed to pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases. (ONS, 2009). Social exclusion Unit (2001) in their report to cabinet said that In England, there are nearly 90,000 conceptions a year to teenagers; around 7,700 to girls under 16 and 2,200 to girls aged 14 or under. Roughly three-fifths of conceptions 56,000 result in live births. Although more than two-thirds of under 16s do not have sex and most teenage girls reach their twenties without getting pregnant, the UK has teenage birth rates which are twice as high as in Germany, three times as high as in France and six times as high as in the Netherlands. Teens that get pregnant are less likely to complete their education therefore risks making their future worse. They are more likely to be single parents and are more likely to contract sexually transmitted diseases including HIV. Every year there are new entrants into teenage world. The risk factors that affect early teenage pregnancies are economic disadvantages, peer pressure, emotional distress, sexual beliefs, attitude and skills, family structure, community disadvantages, sexual risk taking and poor contraceptive use. (Kirby, 2007). The main policy initiatives (750) New Labour (1997) introduced policies that aim to reduce young peoples risks of low educational attainment, poor or no job prospects, criminality and offending, teenage pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Tony Blair (PM, 2001) in a foreword to the Report by the Social Exclusion Unit on Preventing Social exclusion said Preventing exclusion where we can, reintegrating those who have become excluded, and investing in basic minimum standards for all and we have worked in a new way developing partnerships around common goals with the public services, communities and charities, businesses and church organisations that have been struggling with the causes and symptoms of poverty for so long. The policy used risk management approaches as a way of reducing risks of teenage pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases amongst young people by using strategies that gives the individual choices , responsibilities and make them part of the solution. New Labours policies on teenage pregnancy centres around teenage pregnancy and sexuality using Knowledge Acquisition, Shifting Blame and Constituting Knowing Active Welfare Citizens as strategic Risk Management options. The New Labour government set up a Teenage Pregnancy Strategy overseen by the Teenage Pregnancy Unit and the strategy centres on reducing the rate of teenage conceptions, with the specific aim of halving the rate of conceptions among under 18s by 2010. Getting more teenage parents into education, training or employment, to reduce their risk of long term social exclusion. The Social Exclusion Unit was setup by the New Labour government to co-ordinate policy-making issues like school exclusion and truancy, rough sleeping, teenage pregnancy, youth at risk and deprived neighbourhoods through, preventing social exclusion happening in the first place by reducing the numbers who go through experiences that put them at risk or targeting action to compensate for the impact of these experiences , reintegrating those who become excluded back into society, by providing clear ways back for those who have lost their job or their housing, and missed out on learning and getting the basics right by delivering basic minimum standards to everyone in health, education, in-work income, employment and tackling crime. Critically analyse policies-SID,RED,MUD Critical analysis of the Policy, (2000) Action to prevent social exclusion is delivering results: the proportion of children in homes where no-one is in work has fallen from 17.9 per cent in 1997 to 15.1 per cent in 2001; over 100,000 children are benefiting from the Sure Start programme to ensure they are ready to learn by the time they reach primary school; school exclusions have fallen by 18 per cent between 1997 and 1999; under-18 conception rates have fallen in four out of the last five quarters; more 16-18 year olds are staying on in education; the Care Leavers strategy has been introduced; the Rough Sleepers Unit is piloting new approaches to end the fast track to homelessness from prison and the Armed Forces; Summary Stakeholder Pensions will help moderate earners build up better pension entitlements from this April. Some 18 million people stand to gain from the State Second Pension, providing more support than under the State Earnings Related Pension Scheme (SERPS) for modest and low paid workers, and for carers and the disabled; and the personal tax and benefit measures introduced over this Parliament mean that by October 2001, a single-earner family on half average earnings and with two young children will be  £3,000 a year better off in real terms compared with 1997. Families with someone in full-time work will have a guaranteed minimum income of at least  £225 a week,  £11,700 a year. And families with children in the poorest fifth of the population will on average be  £1,700 a year or around 15 per cent better off. And programmes to reintegrate people who have become excluded are recording successes: since 1997 more than 270,000 young unemployed people have moved into work through the New Deal for Young People; over 6,000 people have found work through the New Deal for Disabled People and over 75,000 people had found work between October 1998 and December 2000 through the New Deal for Lone Parents; all Local Education Authorities (LEAs) have increased provision for excluded pupils, a third already do so, and two-thirds plan to offer them full-time education in 2001; between June 1998 and June 2000, the number of rough sleepers fell by 36 per cent; and the proportion of teenage parents in education, employment or training has increased from 16 to 31 per cent between 1997 and 2000. And changes in basic public and private services are focusing improvements on the poorest: higher standards than ever before in Key Stage 2 English and maths with a ten and 13 percentage point improvement in each subject respectively between 1998 and 2000; 44 Local Education Authorities (LEAs) in the 88 most deprived areas2 improved their Key Stage 2 maths results by 14 per cent or more between 1998 and 2000. The most improved area was Tower Hamlets, with an increase of 23 per cent; 24 LEAs in deprived areas improved their Key Stage 2 English results by 11 per cent or more over the same period; between 1998 and 2000 children from most minority ethnic communities saw a rise in achievement of GCSEs. This includes an eight percentage point increase in the number of black pupils achieving five or more GCSE grade A*-C, against an average for all pupils of three percentage points; unemployment has fallen faster than the national average in 19 of the 20 highest unemployment areas; the combined effects of Minimum Income Guarantee (MIG), Winter Fuel Payments and free television licences for those aged 75 and over mean that from April 2001 around two million of the poorest pensioner households will be at least  £800 a year better off compared with 1997 a real terms rise in living standards of 17 per cent. together with tax and benefit reforms, the national minimum wage has helped to make work pay and encourage individuals to move from benefits into work; and by the end of 2000, all the high street banks offered a basic bank account available to all. Preventing social exclusion These improvements are a good start. Trends on literacy, school exclusion, post-16 participation and rough sleeping are on track. Incomes for the poorest pensioners and families, and for low-paid workers, have risen substantially. Where programmes have been slow to deliver results, for example on truancy, the Government is intensifying action. But many of the programmes in this document are only in their infancy, and are on course to deliver more substantial results over time. At the same time, policy innovation has been accompanied by new structures and new ways of working within Government. These have created clearer accountability for cross-cutting subjects such as rough sleeping, neighbourhood renewal and youth policy; set the basis for a new relationship of Partnership with groups outside Government; organised services around the needs of the client; and helped people to help themselves Policy can exacerbate and not alleviate Conclusion (500) The 1999 UK governments report on teenage pregnancy concluded that the following were risk factors for pregnancies among teenage girls: socioeconomic disadvantage, having been oneself the child of a teenage parent, poor communication with parents, not being in education, training or work after age 16 years, peer pressure to have sex early, educational problems such as low achievement and truancy, alcohol use, low knowledge about sexual health, and learning about sex from sources other than school However, these conclusions were based on evidence that was rather old or from cross-sectional studies, which are not the best guide to current trends

The European Union (EU) vs the North American Free Trade Agreement Essa

The European Union (EU) vs the North American Free Trade Agreement Introduction The European Union (EU) is the organization which integrates the countries listed below, both politically and economically. It is a customs union, which is an agreement amongst a group of countries to eliminate trade barriers between them on the movement of goods, services, labor and capital, and also to establish a common external tariff on goods and services coming into the union. The EU evolved from the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), which was formed in 1951 as a response to the First and Second World Wars to try to ensure future peace in Europe. This became the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1965, which in turn became the European Union in 1992 following the signing of the Maastricht Treaty. The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) has brought economic growth and rising standards of living for the people of all three member countries since 1994. As well, by strengthening the rules and procedures governing trade and investment throughout the continent, NAFTA has proved to be a solid foundation for building Canada’s future prosperity. NAFTA has enabled both Canada and Mexico to increase their exports to the United States: Canadian manufacturers now send more than half their production to the U.S., while Mexico’s share of the U.S. import market has almost doubled from 6.9% in pre-NAFTA 1993 to 11.6% in 2002. Manufacturers in all three countries are better able to realize their full potential by operating in a larger, more integrated and efficient North American economy. In 2002, Canada was the most important destination for merchandise exports from 39 of the 50 U.S. states. Relevant Sections Trading Blocs .. ...ading blocs: the growth of regionalism in the world economy’, New York: John Wiley & Sons. Hopkinson, N. (1992) ‘Completing the GATT Uruguay Round: renewed multilateralism or a world of regional trading blocs’, Wilton Park Paper No. 61 London. Hunt, D. (1989) ‘Economic theories of development: an analysis of competing paradigms’, New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf. O’Brien, R. (1992) ‘Global financial integration: the end of geography’, London: Pinter. Preeg, E. M. (1989). The GATT trading system in transition: an analytic survey of recent literature. The Washington Quarterly 12, 201-213. Schott, J.J., ed. (1989) ‘Free trade areas and U.S. trade policy’, Institute for International Economics, Washington, D.C., p. 59 United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) (1999) ‘Handbook of Trade and Development Statistics’, Geneva: United Nations.

Inspection & control programs for wildlife Essay

Wildlife exists in every ecosystem. From the desert, rainforest, plain areas up to developed urban cities and communities we can observe wild animals. These animals, plants and different organisms which have lived through generations of harsh conditions the natural environment has inflicted, without being put under human control comprise what we know as the wildlife. Non-domesticated plants and animals and other organisms make up the different forms of wildlife. Animals and plants are important for human survival. They are consumed for food, man’s basic need to live. They also provide shelter and protection against adverse weather conditions and varying weather patterns. They are use to build houses and create different raw materials that would cater men’s everyday needs. Through the passage of time men have learned to domesticate different species of plants and animals. By domesticating them, access to animals and plants that previously were found only in the wild, was made easier. Foods and different by-products that are obtained from domesticating them can be made available in a matter on time. It relieves people from the burden of hunting and the trouble it presents. Furthermore, by learning to take care of them people had created a more control environment that has greatly benefitted these plants and animals. Competition among the animals was eliminated as needs for survival is sufficiently provided by men. Although the process of domesticating the different species of plants and animals has yielded promising results to men, some species are best left in the wild. Examples of these animals are ferocious creatures such as mountain lions, tigers, coyotes and bears. People will find it very difficult to tame the above mentioned creatures. Coexistence between the family members and community people would be impossible to achieve. Birds are also best left in the wild, as they brighten our sky with their every flight. Wildlife provides men a large number of benefits. Wildlife aids in achieving a balance in nature. They are the lead characters that balance everything in nature, as a result a more diverse wildlife is created (Duke, 1981). Thus, a more convenient, fitting and healthy environment is obtained. Also, they provide more sophisticated raw materials that men used in manufacturing clothes, shoes and other goods used for adornment. Wildlife also contributes to people’s enjoyment in involving to outdoor activities. Hiking, camping and mountaineering are made more exciting with the knowledge about the â€Å"wild†. Wild animals and plants are also hot subjects for anyone taking photographs. But among these outdoor activities, hunting has become the most anticipated form of enjoyment. Each year, more and more are engaged with the said activity. Through the years, men have learned and understand the importance and implication of wildlife to their lives. Today, huge attention is given to wildlife in order to prevent extinction of some animal species. The Federal and State Government are in the forefront of providing services that would ensure the abundance of our wildlife in the future. They are the agencies that have taken full responsibility in creating a diverse wildlife that in turn leads to a healthy environment. They have provided guidelines and programs that would direct every individual to perform appropriate conducts to support their agendas. However, with the continuous effort of the Federal and State Government of uplifting the conditions of the wildlife in different regions, conflicts were born between human and the interests related to wildlife. Boundaries have been crossed that requires immediate actions in order to protect the interests of both parties. Wildlife is a constant threat to human safety. It adversely affects our society. In Arizona, mountain lions are allowed to lurk and roam. It is consider as part of the government’s conservation program symbolizing Arizona’s wilderness. With the lion’s population thriving, death on the people’s livestock increases at a rapid rate. Incidents of attacks to human were also recorded. Aside from the security threat wildlife poses to men, wild animals are carriers of disease that could easily be transmitted to men. Rabies and other airborne diseases are very common for wild animals which can easily be transmitted to people. Wildlife also poses risks to public safety in the field of aviation. Flocks of birds flying in certain altitude can collide with a commercial or military aircraft. Collisions between birds and airplanes are inevitable. Due to the large mass and the aircraft’s movement at high speed, aircrafts are at risk in colliding with birds. Although, birds has the ability to change direction and flight course in a matter of time, the speed level of aircrafts, make it improbable for migrating birds to change their direction of flight before a collision can take place. Bird collisions and accidents involving mammals and other land animals happen mostly during an airplane’s take off and landing. The bulk of the number of collisions happening before take off and during landing is a direct result caused when aircrafts fly at low altitudes. Collisions result to damage of properties that in return lead to the crashing of aircraft, injuries to pilot and passenger and death to some extent. Damages as a result by these collisions amount to million of dollars. The potential for human injury, death and damages to properties always looms largely at hand if wildlife is not placed and kept away from airports and runways. Thus, it is important for airports to be situated in areas far from the route birds used as their migrating patterns. With the different issues wildlife poses, it is then important to maintain a balance between the interest of human and wildlife. Programs and regulations must be made available to the public in order to understand every underlying detail about this issue, since conflicts between wildlife and human is a sensitive topic. The range of environmental, social and economic implications should be carefully considered. To minimize the accidents and threats to public health and safety imposed by wildlife, the Federal and State Government have created programs that would control wildlife activities. In order to control wildlife, technical assistance is important. Technical assistance encompasses information and data studying about wildlife and the damages they brought. It includes managing of problems and at the same time it provides answers and advices in handing out these different issues. In order to effectively control wildlife authorities must first identify and understood the danger the different animal species present in the environment. They should prioritize the dangers these species brought about in order to come up with an effective counter measure. In order for an airport manager to reduce the risk of collision between birds and plane and other accidents brought by wild animals he must first fully understand the situation around the airport’s premises. The Wildlife Services (WS), an agency under the United States Department of Agriculture’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services (APHIS) assist in providing evaluation and analysis on the different problems created by different wildlife species. A set of rules that will evaluate the dangers, risk factors and threats species of animal present to airports and aircrafts was created. By providing this guideline, the hazards that birds and other species bring to the aviation industry are identified clearly. Managers can then devise preventive schemes that could lessen the accidents brought by the species of animals. This guideline is referred to as risk assessment rating system. The program is applied to every airfield and airport to understand the risks different species posed to flying aircrafts. Furthermore, it enables managers to prioritize the measures they must take. It also provides a brief view of the possible amount of money that would be spent in assuaging the dangers the different animal species presents. Airport managers must also understand and learned about the over all population of the species. Control programs for wildlife include an accurate study about the population of animal species living with in the area of the airport premises. In assessing different threats population data and the overall size of the animal species is a major consideration. Accurate determination of population count provides a better view of the direct dangers species brings to the field of aviation. The greater the population of a certain specie, the greater the dangers they pose to the flying industry. By studying the population species, we can also devise ways of controlling their population. Wildlife Services spends millions of dollars in controlling the animal’s population. By killing the predators, such as bears, lions, and coyotes casualties to public damages are lessen (Nijhuis, 1998). Birds are also killed as they are poisoned, shot, gassed and caught in traps. Although call for non-violent measures for controlling the animal’s population is made, the agency continues to apply this method of managing the species’ population. They continue doing such method, by justifying that the actions are selective, and they only kill predators, upon human request, which have causes damage and pose grave threats to human. Whether or not the approach of dealing with the problems the wildlife presents, is appropriate or not will depend in a number of reasoning, which include the animal specie, the harm inflicted to humans, the geographical locations and rules, regulations and law of a particular city (Fisher, 1996). However airport managers can consider immediate actions that can be done to resolve the problems imposed by birds and other animals. A possibility is using scare tactics that would drive the animals away from the site. This approach is commonly performed in dealing with problems related to birds. In order to protect crops, scarecrows are made that frightens and pushes the birds that feed on them away. Scare tactics are more commonly referred to as harassments (Fisher, 1996). By clearing airspace and the air dome, above the airport operations, fewer accidents may happen. However, not all birds respond well to the harassment applications utilized by airport companies. Some bird’s species are difficult to scare. Some takes longer time in order to be driven away while others come back to the site after days of being gone. A study conducted showed that major number of accidents involved geese. This is a result of the geese’s ability to fly in a much higher altitude compared with other birds. To resolve this standing problem, airport managers enlist the help of Border Collies. Border collie is a breed of dog particularly used in assisting with the handling and managing of livestock. With the aid of these dogs, geese are driven away from the airport’s premises and area of operation. Geese respond well to the harassment imposed by Border collie. Another method apply in controlling wildlife is removing an animal from the site that causes the damage by relocating them to different areas. The process of snaring and providing traps are use here. The main purpose is to relocate the animal’s habitat. They are provided with new home that is far from the airport premises. By combining and incorporating the different actions discussed above a method known as Integration Pest Method is made. Since most accidents involving wildlife occurs before take off and during landing, it is important to take note that other species of animals contribute to these incidents. Collision between birds and aircrafts are not the only accident that may arise. Different land animals can also cause serious problems to airport managers. Deer running on runways and feeding on young tree shoots around the airport premises are also major cause of accidents. Damages to properties and facilities are also obtained that further risk the safety of passengers and personnel. To drive land animals away from the airport’s field of operations, managers adopt procedures which include the use of repellants in their properties. By using chemicals as repellants, they are able to drive population of deer away from the airport premises. They also incorporate fencing to ensure that deer would be kept away from runways. From previous studies conducted, fencing is the most reliable method of controlling deer and other land animal’s population. Airport facilities are sometimes provided with high-voltage electric fence. In that way, deer and other animals will avoid contact with the fence and entry with in the airport would be improbable. Animals are then driven away the airport area thus accidents that may arise can be lessen. Another, program that the government applies in controlling deer and animal’s population is the handing out of permits to hunters during hunting season. Permits â€Å"to kill† are given as necessary measure to reduce the deer’s population (Mills, 1992). Although by providing a thorough study about the population of wild animals generates a great advantage in reducing the dangers certain species create, management and control of the specie’s population will not solve the problem alone. Different concepts and ideas must be integrated to provide greater security and protection. An important and immediate action that can be done to resolve wildlife related problems such as animals damaging a resource is to remove the resource away from the animals. However relocating airport facilities is impractical, because of the huge amount of money that will be involved and for other obvious reasons. The locations of the species with respect to construction of airport facilities must be considered. The closer runways and airport facilities to habitat of animal species the greater the danger an aircrafts is exposed to. Before constructions of new facilities are made, a detailed study must first be accomplished. Since facilities are constructed far from the home of geese and different migratory birds, accidents in runways can be prevented. Approach and take off patterns of aircrafts are also important factors that result to collision accidents with birds. Presence of birds on runways, changes a pilot’s approach on flight operations. Pilots have to be extra cautious as presence of birds is distinguished. In order to address this problem, the field of aviation provides a training program that would equip every personnel with the much needed skills. Even with the presence of migrating birds and animals from the wilderness, safety of aircraft flights will rely heavily on the methods and the capability of an airport to provide accurate air traffic and control data. Thus programs, that provide strict training for every personnel are given by airport managers. The primary method of controlling and monitoring immediate air traffic is by observation at the airport tower. By providing adequate training, personnel positioned inside the tower control can give accurate data about presence of birds or other animal species. Air Traffic Control personnel inside the tower control and the pilot manning the plane should be well trained, posses good eyesight and is able to infer and deduced decision in split-second (Spence, 2000). They should thrive on pressure and stress. They should never be rattled and should always have a sound decision at hand. They must always expect the worst case scenario and prepare a contingency plan. It is all because the safety of the pilot and the passengers rely heavily on their shoulders. This is why before a person is hired as controllers or trusted to fly an aircraft he must first pass several tests. He should be familiar with the different devices use in ATC. The training an employee obtained will make him qualified and responsible for controlling and monitoring aircrafts that would land and depart. Furthermore, he can provide clear information with respect to various ground vehicles and land animals found on runways. Nowadays, the lack of qualified personnel in different businesses is evident that affect their competitiveness in the market. Thus, programs that provide adequate training for staffs is one way of controlling accidents related to wildlife. The development in technology also offers the field of aviation equipments and devices that gives major help to the flying industry (Burkhardt, 1967). As new electronic and computer devices are invented, threats and dangers in flying are greatly reduced (Gilbert, 1973). With the advent of new technology control of air traffic is achieved smoothly and with the airport managers adapting the use of these technological devices, damages and risk of accidents from collision of birds and with land animals during take off and landing is lessen. Use of powerful radars has provided huge benefit to air port managers and passengers. Of thee different equipments provided by the advent of technological development, use of radars contribute largely in monitoring wildlife activity inside an airport premises. Radars are primary use to enable controllers to locate the aircrafts, identify them and view their different speed (Gilbert, 1973). With radars at hand controllers are able to gather information for air traffic control. In the field of aviation a little deviation from the actual status of the plane and the information at hand may lead to accidents. Thus, a much powerful device or radar system that would provide larger information is needed and modernization of these equipments will greatly reduce the risks in flying and aviation related problems such as flight delays and lost air crafts. Accidents caused by wild animals can be avoided as more powerful radars are developed. These radars are designed to control vehicles on the ground and monitor ground traffic caused by run away land animals and flocks of birds especially during night wherein poor visibility exists. This modernized radar system that experts are trying to develop is referred as the surface movement radar. Up to this day continuous researches are conducted to develop modern radars which include a detailed quality mapping of different regions, data blocks, target air crafts and security alerts which are far more helpful compare to data displays by older radars which is limited to map of the airport and target. With the different information provided by these radars data about population of animal species, characteristics of the flock or the herds, the map of their environment can then be easily accessed. Thus, with the application of these products caused by influx of technological advancement, damages caused by wild animals to properties are limited. Wildlife has provided men with benefits since the dawn of time. Food, clothes and men’s primary needs are provided by them. Thus, protection of wildlife is a responsibility for everyone. However, we can never deny the fact the dangers they also present upon us. Public health and safety are at always risk as they thrive. Aviation is one field that is largely affected by the damages brought by wild species of animals such as flocks of birds and herds of deer. It is important that wildlife and human interest are met. Thus, in order to protect the welfare of men, programs and different methods of controlling wildlife is observed around airport premises. Methods used are mixtures of traditional techniques, such as enlisting the aid of Border collie to drive away geese, and modern day practice which rely on the development of technology. It is important that in applying these methods in controlling and managing wildlife, men should not take for the granted the importance wildlife brings to us. References Burkhardt, R. (1967). The Federal Aviation Administration.New York: Frederick A. Praeger. Duke, T. (1981). Wildlife Protection. Conservation, 5. Fisher, P. (1996). Humaneness and vertebrate pest control. Victoria: Government of Victoria. Gilbert, G. A. (1973). Gilbert, Glen A. Air Traffic Control: The Uncrowded Sky. Washington, D. C. : Smithsonian Institution Press. Mills, J. (1992). Controlled Hunting is Environmentally Friendly. Conservation, 19. Nijhuis, M. (1998). Predator control gets out of control. High Country News. Spence, C. F. (2000). Aeronautical Information Manual/Federal Aviation Regulations. New York: McGraw-Hill.

When and how you encouraged a child to take part in creative activities Essay

In our nursery creative activities are very important. Almost every day i try to encourage children to take part. Acording to my observations use of simpliest resources is the best practise. Recently I use cartboard boxes and the parts from different tipes of packaging as plastic and paper bags, plastic bubble sheets, cardboard strips and sheets, styrofoam and many others. Wery often we use very big carboard boxes to turn them in to a house, castle or space ship, depends what kind of interest children have at the moment. We use paint, pencils, markers, duck, adchesive, scotch and double side tapes, coloured paper and foams to decorate it. While crative activities children can explor different types of material, different ways to use them and also improving their fine and motor skills. Activities schould be fun and give children joy and confidence. To encouraged a child to take a part in creative activities I always base on his or her interests. For example boys in our nursery love cars so I used them to paint wheel tracks on paper. Other day we made a car mat on big cardboard sheet. Children drew roads, parking spaces and also made bridges and garages from smal boxes. It is always their own imagination and ideas on the first place and satisfaction from finished product. How do you provide positive feedback to children and young people taking part in creative activities? prase effor and every work they did, rather the final product find positive aspects of their work ask questions about their work ask did they enjoy the activities open-ended questions How would you support children taking part in creative activities? In nursery I always refer to children current interests. That makes a base to start creative activitie. By a good practise, while I organise activitie,  every day I try: avoid projects that can be completed in only one way: (paint-by-numbers, kits to be assembled). make a wide variety of materials available to children. give examples and possible solutions, suggest options, but let children make the final decisions for art projects. talk through activities, ask children about their art while it is happening, not just at the end. Children can describe their work, but don’t have to name objects or feelings. praise the effort, use of color and uniqueness rather than just the final product — the trip is more important than the destination. display art at a child’s eye level. encourage individual expression., avoid the regimented use of materials and adult-directed projects. encourage to use imagination give as much time as they need do not force to take part in activities How have you or how would you support children to recognise how creativity can be used in all aspects of life? 1. encouraged to find solution in daily life activities. For example: – how to reach sometching is to high or to far – how to go somwhere even if there is obstackle – what to do when you spilt or tiped out something 2. orgnise creative activities acording to situations from real life. Examples: -creative cooking (dough, slime, pasta, gloop, making sandwiches, salads ect) -building and mechanik activities (using real tools to create something) -play-role – finding solutions in different situations, for example: How to play with toy if there is only one and two childrfen wants to play?